Jiayuguan, the Great Wall, is the starting point at the western end of the Great Wall in the Ming Dynasty. It is also the most complete and spectacular ancient military Castle along the Great Wall in the Ming Dynasty. Jiayuguan is close to Qilian Mountain in the South and Montenegro in the north. Due to its dangerous terrain and magnificent buildings, it forms a strict military defense system with the wall of the Great Wall, Guanbao, beacon towers, trenches and other facilities. It is known as "the first pass in the world", "the first pass in Hexi" and "the border locks Yin".
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There are 26 sections of the Great Wall in Jiayuguan City, with a total length of 43.617 km (the disappeared section is about 6 km), 49 piers and abutments, 8 Guanbao and 12.94 m trenches. According to its geographical location, the wall of the Great Wall is divided into two parts: the West Great Wall and the Northeast Great Wall. The two sections of the great wall are distributed in a "t" shape and connected with each other.
The West Great Wall (the Great Wall on both wings of Guancheng): it connects the first pier in the world to the South and crosses the desert Gobi, which is called "Ming wall"; It connects the great wall of Montenegro to the north, which is called "dark wall".
Northeast Great Wall: along the north of Yuquan Town, it crosses Jiuquan Iron and steel plant, yemawan Gobi, passes through the new town and connects with the great wall of bianwan beach in Jiuquan area.
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Jiayuguan city has seized one belt, one road and strategic opportunity in recent years. It has accelerated the integration of cultural tourism industry as a breakthrough to promote economic transformation and upgrading, and urban transformation and development. It has fully developed the construction of cultural relics and tourist attractions with Guancheng as the main body by fully relying on the cultural relics represented by the Great Wall, and promoted the rapid development of the cultural tourism industry in the city.
——We have fully explored the resources of the great wall and built a scenic spot with Guancheng as the main body. In the late 1990s, many parts of the country were exploring the development of Cultural Relics Tourism and trying to promote cultural relics protection through tourism management. In 1999, Jiayuguan City seized the favorable opportunity of "western development", boldly innovated and tried first, comprehensively started the construction of cultural relics scenic spot in Guancheng, and laid a solid foundation for the development of Cultural Relics Tourism in the city. In 2005, Jiayuguan raised more than 200 million yuan through various channels to build a cultural relics scenic spot with Guancheng scenic spot as the main body and the first pier of the Great Wall, the hanging wall of the great wall and the Wei Jin Tomb scenic spot as the auxiliary. It created a gold lettered signboard of "the most powerful pass in the world - Jiayuguan", driving the vigorous development of the city's cultural tourism industry. From 2010 to 2019, the annual growth rate of tourist reception and tourism revenue in Jiayuguan only cultural relics scenic spots remained above 20%, and the cultural tourism industry has become an important support for economic transformation and upgrading. In 2016, the number of tourists in the city's cultural relics scenic spots exceeded one million for the first time, and the tourism revenue exceeded one billion yuan for the first time. In 2019, the number of tourists received reached 1.7288 million and the income was 143 million yuan. The city's cultural tourism economy was strongly promoted. In 2019 alone, the number of tourists reached 13.147 million and the tourism income was 9.64 billion yuan. In the past three years, the number of tourists received in the city has reached 32.1974 million, with an average annual growth of 23.35%, and the tourism revenue has reached 22.53 billion yuan, with an average annual growth of 28.54%.
——We actively sought state funds and implemented the world cultural heritage protection project. From 2012 to 2015, the state invested 267.8 million yuan in the special fund for cultural relics protection, and effectively implemented the Jiayuguan great wall protection project, the Jiayuguan world cultural heritage monitoring system project and the Jiayuguan world cultural heritage protection and display project, including the repair of Guancheng wooden structure, the repainting of oil decoration and color paintings of Guancheng ancient buildings, the protection and maintenance of Xiluo City Jiayuguan world cultural heritage body protection project focusing on sub projects such as wall protection (excluding Luocheng) and anti-seepage drainage, protection and maintenance of the wall of the Great Wall (rammed earth), protection and flood control of the body of the first pier of the Great Wall, and cliff anchorage phase II of the first pier of the Great Wall. The project was started in 2012 and completed and accepted at the end of 2016. This is a comprehensive cultural heritage protection project with the largest scale, the widest coverage, the richest cultural connotation and the highest level of scientific and technological utilization in the history of Jiayuguan. The smooth implementation of the project has realized the high-level comprehensive protection and utilization of world cultural heritage, and has become a model project for cultural heritage protection to promote economic and social development and benefit the people. First, it has greatly improved the protection of the world cultural heritage -- the great wall and Jiayuguan. Strictly following the protection and maintenance principle of "original shape system, original structure, original technology and raw materials", the disease problems endangering the safety of cultural relics such as cracking and weathering of the wall of the Great Wall, crisp and alkaline erosion of the wall foundation have been effectively solved, the body and environmental style of the city have been effectively improved and the most complete and original preservation has been achieved, so as to "repair the old as before The effect of "reproduce the original appearance". Second, it has effectively improved the service level of monitoring, management and exhibition of historical and cultural heritage. A heritage monitoring center has been established and a world cultural heritage monitoring and early warning system characterized by the rammed earth Great Wall has been established.
——Adhere to culture as the soul and tourism as the body, and promote the integrated development of cultural tourism in the city. The implementation of the great wall protection project and the steady progress of cultural relics protection, exhibition and utilization projects have improved the quality and quantity of the city's tourism. The successive completion of cultural tourism projects such as Jiayuguan Fangte happy world, Yuquan ancient street and the Silk Road Cultural Expo Park has formed two major tourism subjects of "one ancient and one modern, one old and one new, and one static and moving" with Jiayuguan City, It has formed a new pattern of tourism development with cultural relics and historic sites as the leader, modern industrial tourism, ecological sightseeing tourism and leisure vacation tourism as one, complementary advantages and mutual support, resulting in the agglomeration and dispersion effect of tourism "depression", and realizing the breakthrough in the quantity and quality of cultural tourism industry. At the same time, in order to actively implement national policies such as cultural inheritance, publicity and popularization of historical and cultural knowledge, we actively develop research and learning products such as "I went to Jiayuguan to build the Great Wall" and a series of cultural and creative products with the theme of the Great Wall, make full use of the piers and abutments, trenches, Guanbao and the mountains and rivers associated with the Great Wall, and actively build an open-air Great Wall Museum, It has realized the deep integration of culture and tourism industry.
——Continue to increase capital investment and improve infrastructure services. Since 2018, the city has invested 203 million yuan in tourism construction, newly built, reconstructed and expanded 10 tourist toilets, 96 tourist signs, newly built 17.39 km of the Great Wall tourist highway, 25.09 km of s305 tourist highway, newly opened 6 routes, opened special buses for scenic spots, and opened the "last kilometer" of tourism traffic. Special tourist trains such as "Jiayuguan", "Jiugang", "Jiayuguan Fangte" and 14 routes to 16 important nodes and provincial capitals such as Beijing, Shanghai and Chengdu have been opened. Build Jiayuguan Hexi Corridor tourist distribution comprehensive service center. Completed the professional training and online operation of "one mobile phone tour Gansu" (Jiayuguan), and realized the full WiFi coverage of 4A and above scenic spots.
——Cultural relics resources are open and utilized in an orderly manner. As the first special museum with the theme of the Great Wall in China, Jiayuguan Great Wall Museum comprehensively displays the historical, military, architectural, economic, cultural and artistic values of the Great Wall for the audience. It has become a reference book for the public to understand the knowledge of the great wall and a textbook to spread the Great Wall culture and promote the national spirit. Since its completion in the late 1980s, the Great Wall Museum has made positive contributions in publicizing and inheriting the Great Wall culture. Especially after the implementation of the free opening mechanism, the Great Wall Museum continues to give full play to its own advantages, with more than 400000 visitors every year, and continues to make new contributions in disseminating the Great Wall culture and carrying forward the national spirit. As a rare comprehensive museum in the province to display the history of urban development and construction, Jiayuguan City Museum displays the history and culture of Jiayuguan in detail in its basic display, so that the majority of tourists can understand the development history of Jiayuguan, and receives more than 200000 tourists every year.
——Actively explore cooperation modes and increase regional cooperation and exchanges. Strengthen the joint marketing with Jiuquan, actively integrate into the greater Dunhuang Cultural Tourism Economic Circle, jointly build a regional tourism brand, and further cooperate and develop the joint hosting of festival events, the development of characteristic tourism products, and the sharing of cultural tourism resources. Cooperate with the implementation of the provincial action plan for the protection and utilization of Hexi Corridor national heritage lines (2018-2025), and strengthen the integrity and relevance of Hexi Corridor national heritage lines.
——Highlight the leading role of major projects and actively prepare for the construction of Jiayuguan Great Wall National Cultural Park. Fully implementing the spirit of general secretary Xi Jinping's inspection of Jiayuguan in August 2019, and carrying out the preparatory plan and planning for the the Great Wall National Cultural Park (Jiayuguan section) according to the arrangement of the notice issued by the central office and the state office on the issuance of the "the Great Wall, the Grande Canale and the long march National Cultural Park" plan and the provincial work arrangement concerning the construction of the the Great Wall National Park. With the driving role of the construction of the Great Wall National Cultural Park, highlight the cultural theme of the Great Wall, constantly amplify the location advantages of our city as the starting point of the western end of the Ming Great Wall, and build a Jiayuguan Great Wall culture leading cultural and tourism integration development demonstration area. Integrate cultural relics tourism resources such as Jiayuguan cultural relics scenic spot, the first pier of the Great Wall, the hanging wall, World Cultural Heritage Park, new town tombs and black mountain rock paintings, take the Great Wall culture as the theme, rely on the desert scenery, oasis pastoral and border customs, and take the military defense system composed of Guancheng, the first pier of the great wall and the hanging wall as the main landscape, Gradually build the Great Wall Cultural belt of our city into an economic belt with integrated development of culture and tourism.
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Protection is the premise of utilization, and only by protecting well can we make good use of it; Utilization is the expansion of protection. Good utilization is to better protect cultural relics, spread culture and effectively enhance the awareness of cultural relics protection. In recent years, in the process of protection and utilization of the Great Wall, Jiayuguan has always adhered to the cultural relics working policy of "protection first, rescue first, rational utilization and strengthening management", incorporated the protection of the great wall into the overall economic and social development plan of the city, and effectively connected the protection plan of the Great Wall with the land and space plan, tourism plan and scenic spot construction plan.
——Do a good job in the basic work of cultural relics protection. Through years of efforts, Jiayuguan has improved the basic work of cultural relics and the work of "Four Haves", especially in the construction of cultural relics protection institutions in the province. Jiayuguan Silk Road (Great Wall) Cultural Research Institute, a county-level institution subordinate to the municipal cultural and Tourism Department, has been established, with 104 institutions, three internal departments, six institutions, one museum and one center, It covers all aspects of the city's historical and cultural research. Each of the three national key cultural relics protection units has a separate section level cultural relics management office. All the cultural relics protection areas have boundary posts, boundary markers and fences, and sound cultural relics protection archives. All national key cultural relics protection units have delimited the scope of cultural relics protection and construction control zones, which have been announced by the provincial government, The municipal cultural relics protection units have delimited the protection scope and construction control zone. After being announced by the municipal government, these works have been affirmed by the Provincial Bureau of cultural relics and the State Bureau of cultural relics.
——We will protect the Great Wall in strict accordance with the requirements of the cultural relics protection plan. In 2011, the provincial government announced and implemented the Great Wall - Jiayuguan cultural relics protection plan (2010-2030). According to the content of the plan, Jiayuguan has always taken strengthening the protection of the Great Wall cultural relics, rational display and utilization of the Great Wall resources and preventing constructive damage as the starting point and foothold of Cultural Relics Work in recent years. First, with the approval of the State Administration of cultural relics, the body repair project of Jiayuguan City and all the Great Wall in the territory, as well as the security, fire control, lightning protection and other projects of the city have been implemented; Second, the installation of all the Great Wall, independent piers and abutments, Guanbao barbed wire fence and protective boundary pillars has been implemented; Third, the surrounding environment of Guancheng and the infrastructure for the display and utilization of cultural relics have been renovated and improved, and the regional ecological environment of jiuyanquan lake has been treated; Fourth, the Great Wall Museum, the world cultural heritage monitoring center and other places for protection and utilization have been built; Fifthly, we have implemented the road traffic connection of the Great Wall, the first pier of the great wall and the hanging wall, and built the road for the protection, exhibition and utilization of the Great Wall.
——Adhere to the "bottom line", "red line" and "lifeline" of cultural relics protection, and do a good job in the safety of cultural relics. Over the years, Jiayuguan has always adhered to the bottom line and red line of cultural relics safety, put cultural relics safety in the first place, maintained the record of "zero accident" of cultural relics safety for many years, and achieved "excellent" in the provincial cultural relics safety assessment for many consecutive years, especially in the National Great Wall law enforcement inspection in 2017, which was highly recognized by the State Administration of cultural relics, There have been no major cultural relics violations and crimes or major cultural relics safety accidents for many consecutive years. In 2018, the municipal government issued the list of units directly responsible for the safety management of immovable cultural relics in Jiayuguan City, so that the cultural relics safety staff are in place, their responsibilities are clear and their responsibilities are clear. We implemented the cultural relics safety responsibility publicity and fire protection public commitment system, organized all cultural and Expo units in the city to set up cultural relics safety responsibility publicity boards and fire safety commitment at prominent positions, and further clarified the cultural relics safety and fire safety responsibilities of cultural and Expo units. Protection facilities have been installed for all field cultural relics in the city, including the Great Wall, tombs and rock paintings. A total of more than 135 kilometers of siege nets have been erected, 166 protection markers, 1259 boundary posts and 80 publicity and warning signs have been set up. Through these protective measures, the protection level of field cultural relics in Jiayuguan City has been effectively improved.
——Do a good job in the protection of cultural relics in construction projects. In recent years, the original land and resources and planning departments of Jiayuguan City solicited the opinions of the cultural relics department before land transfer, project site selection and project commencement. For the project involving the scope of cultural relics protection and construction control zone, Jiayuguan Cultural Relics Bureau replied in time, suggesting that the project site selection must be avoided if it can avoid the cultural relics protection area, and if it can not be avoided, The cultural relics protection plan and cultural relics impact assessment report must be prepared as required, and the approval procedures must be strictly implemented. After being approved by the State Administration of cultural relics, the construction shall be carried out in strict accordance with the regulations to protect the integrity of the cultural relics and the surrounding environment to the greatest extent. When a number of national, provincial and municipal key projects such as the construction of Jiayuguan airport, the reconstruction of G312 national highway, Lanxin high-speed railway, West to east gas transmission, West to East oil transmission, S06 Ring Expressway and urban domestic water pipeline cross the Great Wall, they all adopt the methods of crossing the great wall or avoiding the Great Wall in the form of tunnel outside the reserve in accordance with the national requirements, It has effectively protected the great wall and its surrounding environment from damage.
